What principle allows a transformer to operate?

The principle that allows a transformer to operate is Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction. This law states that a change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will induce an electromotive force (EMF) in the coil. In the context of a transformer, when alternating current flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field. This changing magnetic field then induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The transformer relies on this principle to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another via electromagnetic induction, thereby allowing it to increase or decrease voltage levels as needed.

Understanding Faraday’s Law is crucial, as it highlights the relationship between electricity and magnetism, which is the foundational concept behind how transformers function. The operation of a transformer fundamentally hinges on this principle, emphasizing its importance in electrical engineering and power transmission systems.