Which of the following describes voltage?

Voltage is defined as the difference in electric potential energy between two points in an electrical field or circuit. It represents the amount of potential energy that would be available to move a charge from one point to another, thus enabling electrical currents to flow. This potential difference is crucial in understanding how electrical energy is transferred and converted into other forms of energy in circuits.

When voltage is present, it creates the conditions necessary for charges to move, leading to current flow. The higher the voltage, the greater the potential energy available to push charges through a circuit. Understanding voltage is fundamental when analyzing how electrical systems work, as it directly relates to the behavior of other electrical components such as resistance and current.

The other options describe different electrical concepts: the flow of electric charge pertains to current, opposition to current flow relates to resistance, and the rate of charge movement over time connects to the concept of current as well. Each of these concepts plays a distinct role in the field of electricity, but only the correct answer accurately defines what voltage is.